The Chautauqua movement expanded rapidly and as it did it became more secular. A Chautauqua magazine circulated throughout the country explaining upcoming programs. As the nineteenth century drew to a close, big name performers began to appear, not only at the New York Chautauqua location, but also at assemblies in other parts of the country. Among them were William Jennings Bryan, Robert LaFollette, Champ Clark, and Warren G. Harding. The podium was not left strictly to men. Many female speakers, such as Carry Nation and Maude Ballington Booth, achieved fame with their debates on suffrage, temperance, saloons, and parenting styles. In addition to their educational features, Chautauquas increasingly incorporated entertainment into their programs. "Choirs, orchestras, bands, string quartets, voice quartets, [Swiss] bellringers, interpretative readers, chalk-talkers, violinists, [and] pianists furnished rich variety."5 Also included were humorists and readers of plays. In the afternoons, men sometimes played baseball and women croquet.
